諸外国の動き:国連安保理でダーイシュへの対応が協議（2014年9月19日）

国連安保理は、イラクとシリアで攻勢を続けるダーイシュ（イスラーム国）への対応を協議するための閣僚級会合を開いた。

イラク、シリアを含む約40カ国が参加した会合（議長国は米国）では、議長声明を採択し、ダーイシュによる殺戮、拷問、レイプ、誘拐などに「深い憤り」を表明し、「すべての国家が参加、協調する持続的で包括的な方法」が必要だとし、国際社会による包囲網構築の重要性を訴えた。

議長声明（S/PRST/2014/20）全文（http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2014/sc11571.doc.htm）は以下の通り。

“The Security Council welcomes the newly formed Government of Iraq and calls on the international community to support its efforts to strengthen further democratic institutions, to maintain security and combat terrorism and to create a safe, stable and prosperous future for the people of Iraq. The Security Council reaffirms its support for the independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of Iraq and reaffirms further the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.

“The Security Council underscores the need for all segments of the Iraqi population to participate in the political process and engage in political dialogue. The Security Council is encouraged by the Iraqi Government’s commitment to resolve long-standing issues through an inclusive political process and consistent with the Iraqi Constitution and look forward to implementation of this commitment through its new national agenda. The Security Council encourages Iraq’s leaders to accelerate implementation of this agenda and national reconciliation to address the needs of Iraq’s diverse communities.

“The Security Council also urges Member States to work closely with the Government of Iraq to identify how best the international community can aid implementation of the new Iraqi agenda. The Security Council reaffirms its full support for the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq （UNAMI） in advising and assisting the Iraqi people and the Government of Iraq in strengthening democratic institutions and advancing inclusive political dialogue.

“The Security Council strongly condemns attacks by terrorist organizations, including the terrorist organization operating under the name ‘Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant’ （ISIL） and associated armed groups, in Iraq, Syria and Lebanon and emphasizes that this large-scale offensive poses a major threat to the region. The Security Council expresses again its deep outrage about all Iraqis, as well as nationals of other States who have been killed, kidnapped, raped or tortured by ISIL, as well as its recruitment and use of children. The Security Council stresses the need that those who have committed or are otherwise responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or violations or abuses of human rights in Iraq must be held accountable, noting that some of these acts may constitute war crimes and crimes against humanity. The Security Council stresses the need for those responsible for such violations of international humanitarian law or violations or abuses of human rights to be held to account, and calls upon the Government of Iraq and the international community to work towards ensuring that all perpetrators are brought to justice.

“The Security Council welcomes the Government of Iraq’s efforts, in association with local and regional authorities, to combat the terrorist threat facing all Iraqis, including members of its ethnic and religious minorities, notably Yezidis and Christians, and women from all communities who have been particularly targeted by ISIL.

“The Security Council reaffirms that all parties, including ISIL, associated armed groups, and other militias, must respect the human rights of the Iraqi people and abide by all applicable obligations under international humanitarian law, including those protecting the civilian population, by which both official Iraqi forces and member states that assist them must also abide.

“The Security Council also recognizes the steps taken to address the urgent humanitarian needs of those displaced by the current conflict. The Security Council calls for an intensification of these efforts by all parties and urges all Member States to continue to fund the UN humanitarian appeals.

“The Security Council urges the international community, in accordance with international law, to further strengthen and expand support for the Government of Iraq as it fights ISIL and associated armed groups. The Security Council welcomes the International Conference on Peace and Security in Iraq that took place in Paris on 15 September 2014 and the summit-level meeting of the Security Council responding to the global threat posed by foreign terrorist fighters that is scheduled for 24 September.

“The Security Council stresses that terrorism can only be defeated by a sustained and comprehensive approach involving the active participation and collaboration of all States, as well as international and regional organizations, to impede, impair, isolate and incapacitate the terrorist threat.

“The Security Council reiterates the urgent need to stop any direct or indirect trade in oil from Iraq involving ISIL with the aim to put an end to financing terrorism.

“The Security Council supports Iraq’s further economic, social, political and diplomatic integration into the region and the international community and calls upon regional States to engage more actively to facilitate this process. The Security Council recognizesthat the situation that now exists in Iraq is significantly different from that which existed at the time of the adoption of resolution 661 （1990）, and further recognizes the importance of Iraq achieving international standing equal to that which it held prior to the adoption of resolution 661 （1990）.

“The Security Council reiterates that no terrorist act can reverse the path towards peace, democracy and reconstruction in Iraq, which is supported by the people and the Government of Iraq, and by the international community.”

シリアのバッシャール・ジャアファリー国連代表は「テロとの戦いが行われているイラクとシリアの戦争は共通の敵に対する一つの戦争である…。シリア政府はダーイシュとヌスラ戦線に対するテロとの戦いの基本的な部分を構成している…。国際社会がダーイシュとヌスラ戦線の脅威に覚醒したことは我々にとって歓迎すべきことだ」と述べる一方、シリアとイラクの惨状が「サウジアラビア・トルコ・カタールの悪の同盟」によるテロ支援の結果だと指弾した。

ケリー米国務長官は安保理会合で「イスラーム国のネットワークを断ち切り、宗教活動の仮面をかぶった軍事カルトを根絶やしにする必要がある」と強調、ダーイシュ殲滅のための国際的な同盟に関して「軍事的な性格の同盟ではなく、包括的な同盟」だととしたうえで、「イランを含む世界のすべての国がイスラーム国との戦いにおいて役割を担っている」と述べた。

フランスのローラン・ファビウス外務大臣は安保理会合で「テロリストに対抗することは私たちの義務だ」と述べたうえで、国際社会の結束を求めた。

イランのアッバース・アラーグジー外務次官は安保理会合で「イスラーム国は新たな流血の土地を見つけ、偽りの大義を作り出そうとしている」としたうえで、イラク政府を積極支援する意思を示した。

しかし「地域の窮状を救う真の主導権は地域内から出てくるべきものであり、地域間の協調も必要である…。イスラーム国との戦闘においても例外ではない」と述べ、米国によるシリアでの空爆に反対を唱えた。

ロシアのヴィタリー・チュルキン国連大使は安保理会合で「国際的な対テロ作戦には、主権国の了承もしくは安保理の承認が必要である…。それ以外の方法は国際社会や地域の安定を損ねる」と述べ、米国が行おうとしているシリア空爆に「強い懸念」を表明した。

日本の薗浦健太郎外務政務官は安保理会合で「軍事的な貢献はできないが、人道支援やテロ対策に積極的に取り組む」と述べ、UNHCRなどを通じ、難民用のテントなどの救援物資に充てる意思を示した。

安部政権は、ダーイシュから被害を受けたイラク国内の避難民や、シリアから周辺国に逃れた避難民の支援のため、新たに約2,550万ドル（約27億5,400万円）を拠出することを決めている。

フランスのフランソワ・オランド大統領はパリの大統領府で演説を行い、UAEに駐留する同国空軍戦闘機が、イラク北東部にあるダーイシュ（イスラーム国）の補給所を空爆、破壊したと発表した。

またフランス国防省はこの攻撃の映像を公開した。

AFP, September 19, 2014、AP, September 19, 2014、ARA News, September 19, 2014、Champress, September 19, 2014、al-Hayat, September 20, 2014、Kull-na Shuraka’, September 19, 2014、al-Mada Press, September 19, 2014、Naharnet, September 19, 2014、NNA, September 19, 2014、Reuters, September 19, 2014、SANA, September 19, 2014、September 20, 2014、UPI, September 19, 2014などをもとに作成。