国連安全保障理事会は、ダーイシュ（イスラーム国）、シャームの民のヌスラ戦線、そしてそれ以外のアル=カーイダとつながりのある組織が主な資金源としている石油、石油関連製品、石油精製機器、文化財の密売買禁止、人質解放のための身代金支払いの阻止、武器、資金供与禁止を、国連憲章第7章に基づき（Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations）、加盟国に求める決議（安保理決議第2199号）を全会一致で採択した。
決議は常任理事国のロシアが先週提案し、米国、英国、フランス、イラク、シリア、イラン、ヨルダンなど37カ国が共同提案国となっていた。
同決議は、石油密売の利益や身代金のほか、シリアやイラクの遺跡、博物館から強奪した文化財を密売して得た金が主要な資金となり、ダーイシュ、ヌスラ戦線などのリクルートを支えていると懸念を表明したうえで、誘拐や人質の殺害を非難、加盟国に対して、身代金の支払いを含め、組織と取引をしないよう要請している。
決議はまた、ダーイシュなどとの商取引がテロ組織への支援に当たると指摘、石油の密売に関与した個人や団体を国連の制裁対象にすることを検討すると明記したほか、文化財や古美術品の取引を阻止するために適切な措置を講じるよう各国に求めた。
この他、寄付や武器の供給、国際金融システムの利用阻止についても各国の取り組みを求めた。
**
決議採択後、ロシアのヴィタリー・チュルキン国連大使は、安保理を構成する各国に対して、決議採択への謝意を表明するとともに、同決議が中東におけるテロの脅威、さらにはその波及を抑えるための重要なステップだと賞賛した。
また、ヨルダンのマフムード・ハンムード国連大使は「あらゆる合法的手段をもってダーイシュと戦う」との意思を強調した。
一方、米国のサマンサ・パワー国連大使は、安保理決議第2199号を、ダーイシュの資金獲得を困難にし、その蛮行を抑止するものだとして高く評価しつつ、安保理がダーイシュの台頭をもたらした主因である、アサド政権の残虐な行為に対して対処していないことに遺憾の意を表明した。
中国の劉結一国連大使は、「テロとの戦い」におけるダブル・スタンダードを回避すること、そしてテロを特定の宗教やエスニック集団と結びつけないことが重要だと強調するとともに、インターネットを駆使したテロリストの活動を阻止するための国際協力を呼びかけた。
**
安保理決議2199号全文は以下の通り:
“The Security Council,
“Reaffirming its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international
peace and security, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,
“Reaffirming that terrorism in all forms and manifestations constitutes one of the most serious threats to international peace and security and that any acts of terrorism are criminal and unjustifiable regardless of their motivations, whenever and by whomsoever committed,
“Reaffirming the need to combat by all means, in accordance with the Charter
of the United Nations and international law, including applicable international
human rights, refugee, and humanitarian law, threats to international peace
and security caused by terrorist acts, stressing in this regard the important
role the United Nations plays in leading and coordinating this effort,
“Emphasizing that sanctions are an important tool under the Charter of
the United Nations in the maintenance and restoration of international
peace and security including countering terrorism, and underlining the
importance of prompt and effective implementation of relevant resolutions,
in particular Security Council resolutions 1267 （1999） and 1989 （2011）
as key instruments in the fight against terrorism,
“Recalling its Resolutions 1267 （1999）, 1989 （2011）, 2161 （2014）, 2170 （2014）, and 2178 （2014） and its Presidential Statements of 28 July 2014 and 19 November 2014, including its stated intention to consider additional measures to disrupt oil trade by Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant （ISIL, also known as Daesh）, Al-Nusrah Front （ANF） and all other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida, as a source of terrorism financing,
“Recognizing the importance of the role that financial sanctions play in
disrupting ISIL, ANF and all other individuals, groups, undertakings and
entities associated with Al-Qaida, and emphasizing also the need for a
comprehensive approach to fully disrupt ISIL and ANF that integrates multilateral
strategies with national action by Member States,
“Reaffirming the independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity
of the Republic of Iraq and the Syrian Arab Republic, and reaffirming further
the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,
“Reaffirming also that terrorism cannot and should not be associated with any religion, nationality, or civilization,
“Stressing that terrorism can only be defeated by a sustained and comprehensive
approach involving the active participation and collaboration of all States,
and international and regional organizations to impede, impair, isolate
and incapacitate the terrorist threat,
“Expressing, in this regard, its deep appreciation for Arab League Resolution
7804 （September 7, 2014）, the Paris Statement （September 15, 2014）, the
FATF statement on countering the financing of ISIL （October 24, 2014） and
the Manama declaration on countering terrorist finance （November 9, 2014）,
“Reaffirming its resolution 1373 （2001） and in particular its decisions that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts and refrain from providing any form of support, active or passive, to entities or persons involved in terrorist acts, including by suppressing recruitment of members of terrorist groups and eliminating the supply of weapons to terrorists,
“Recognizing the significant need to build capacities of Member States
to counter terrorism and terrorist finance,
“Reiterating its deep concern that oilfields and their related infrastructure,
as well as other infrastructure such as dams and power plants, controlled
by ISIL, ANF and potentially other individuals, groups, undertakings and
entities associated with Al-Qaida, are generating a significant portion
of the groups’ income, alongside extortion, private foreign donations,
kidnap ransoms and stolen money from the territory they control, which
support their recruitment efforts and strengthen their operational capability
to organize and carry out terrorist attacks,
“Condemning in the strongest terms abductions of women and children, expressing outrage at their exploitation and abuse, including rape, sexual abuse, forced marriage, committed by ISIL, ANF, and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida, and encouraging all state and non-state actors with evidence to bring it to the attention of the Council, along with any information that human trafficking may support the perpetrators financially,
“Reaffirming the obligation of Member States to freeze without delay funds
and other financial assets or economic resources of persons who commit,
or attempt to commit, terrorist acts or participate in or facilitate the
commission of terrorist acts; of entities owned or controlled directly
or indirectly by such persons; and of persons and entities acting on behalf
of, or at the direction of such persons and entities, including funds derived
or generated from property owned or controlled directly or indirectly by
such persons and associated persons and entities,
“Expressing its concern that economic resources such as oil, oil products,
modular refineries and related material, other natural resources including
precious metals such as gold, silver, and copper, diamonds, and any other
assets are made available to ISIL, ANF, and other individuals, groups,
undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida, and noting that direct
or indirect trade with ISIL and ANF in such materials could constitute
a violation of the obligations imposed by resolution 2161 （2014）,
“Reminding all States of their obligation to ensure that any person who participates in the financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice,
“Reaffirming its decision 2133 （2014） and noting again that ransom payments
to terrorist groups are one of the sources of income which supports their
recruitment efforts, strengthens their operational capability to organize
and carry out terrorist attacks, and incentivizes future incidents of kidnapping
for ransom,
“Expressing concern at the increased use, in a globalized society, by terrorists
and their supporters, of new information and communications technologies,
in particular the Internet, to facilitate terrorist acts, as well as their
use to incite, recruit, fund or plan terrorist acts,
“Expressing grave concern at the increased incidents of kidnapping and hostage-murdering committed by ISIL, and condemning those heinous and cowardly murders which demonstrate that terrorism is a scourge impacting all of humanity and people from all regions and religions or belief,
“Welcoming the report on ANF and ISIL from the Analytical Support and Sanctions
Monitoring Team, published on November 14, 2014, and taking note of its
recommendations,
“Noting with concern the continued threat posed to international peace
and security by ISIL, ANF and all other individuals, groups, undertakings
and entities associated with Al-Qaida, and reaffirming its resolve to address
all aspects of that threat,
“Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
Oil Trade
“1. Condemns any engagement in direct or indirect trade, in particular
of oil and oil products, and modular refineries and related material, with
ISIL, ANF and any other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities
designated as associated with Al-Qaida by the Committee pursuant to resolutions
1267 （1999） and 1989 （2011）, and reiterates that such engagement would
constitute support for such individuals, groups, undertakings and entities
and may lead to further listings by the Committee;
“2. Reaffirms that States are required by resolution 2161 （2014） to ensure that their nationals and those in their territory not make assets or economic resources, directly or indirectly, available to ISIL, ANF and all other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida, and notes that this obligation applies to the direct and indirect trade in oil and refined oil products, modular refineries and related material;
“3. Reaffirms that States are required by resolution 2161 （2014） to freeze
without delay the funds and other financial assets or economic resources
of ISIL, ANF, and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities
associated with Al-Qaida, including funds derived from property owned or
controlled directly or indirectly, by them or by persons acting on their
behalf or at their direction;
“4. Reaffirms that States are required by resolution 2161 （2014） to ensure
that no funds, other financial assets or economic resources are made available,
directly or indirectly, by their nationals or by persons within their territory
for the benefit of ISIL, ANF, and other individuals, groups, undertakings
and entities associated with Al-Qaida;
“5. Recalls that funds and other financial assets or economic resources made available to or for the benefit of listed individuals or entities are not always held directly by them, and recalls in addition that in identifying such funds and benefits, States should be alert to the possibility that property owned or controlled indirectly by the listed party may not be immediately visible;
“6. Confirms that economic resources include oil, oil products, modular
refineries and related material, other natural resources, and any other
assets which are not funds but which potentially may be used to obtain
funds, goods or services;
“7. Emphasizes therefore that States are required by UN Security Council
resolution 2161 （2014） to freeze without delay funds, other financial assets
and economic resources of ISIL, ANF, and other individuals, groups, undertakings
and entities associated with Al-Qaida, including oil, oil products, modular
refineries and related material and other natural resources owned or controlled
by them, or persons acting on their behalf or at their direction, as well
as any funds or negotiable benefit arising from such economic resources;
“8. Recognizes the need to take measures to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism, individual terrorists, and terrorist organizations, including from the proceeds of organized crime, inter alia, the illicit production and trafficking of drugs and their chemical precursors, and the importance of continued international cooperation to that aim;
“9. Emphasizes that States are required to ensure that their nationals
and persons in their territory not make available, directly or indirectly,
any funds, other financial assets or economic resources, including oil,
oil products, modular refineries and related material and other natural
resources that are identified as directed to, collected for, or otherwise
for the benefit of ISIL, ANF, and other individuals, groups, undertakings
and entities associated with Al-Qaida, as well as any funds or negotiable
benefit arising from such economic resources;
“10. Expresses concern that vehicles, including aircraft, cars and trucks
and oil tankers, departing from or going to areas of Syria and Iraq where
ISIL, ANF or any other groups, undertakings and entities associated with
Al-Qaida operate, could be used to transfer oil and oil products, modular
refineries and related material, cash, and other valuable items including
natural resources such as precious metals and minerals like gold, silver,
copper and diamonds, as well as grain, livestock, machinery, electronics,
and cigarettes by or on behalf of such entities for sale on international
markets, for barter for arms, or for use in other ways that would result
in violations of the asset freeze or arms embargo in paragraph 1 of resolution
2161 （2014） and encourages Member States to take appropriate steps in accordance
with international law to prevent and disrupt activity that would result
in violations of the asset freeze or targeted arms embargo in paragraph
1 of resolution 2161 （2014）;
“11. Reaffirms that all States shall ensure that any person who participates in the financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice and ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offenses in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts, and emphasizes that such support may be provided through trade in oil and refined oil products, modular refineries and related material with ISIL, ANF and all other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida;
“12. Decides that Member States shall inform the 1267/1989 Committee within
30 days of the interdiction in their territory of any oil, oil products,
modular refineries, and related material being transferred to or from ISIL
or ANF, and calls upon Member States to report to the Committee the outcome
of proceedings brought against individuals and entities as a result of
such activity;
“13. Encourages the submission of listing requests to the Committee by
Member States of individuals and entities engaged in oil trade-related
activities with ISIL, ANF and all other individuals, groups, undertakings
and entities associated with Al-Qaida and directs the 1267/1989 Al-Qaida
Sanctions Committee to immediately consider designations of individuals
and entities engaged in oil trade-related activities with ISIL, the ANF
and all other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated
with Al-Qaida;
“14. Calls upon Member States to improve international, regional, and subregional cooperation, including through increased sharing of information for the purpose of identifying smuggling routes used by ISIL and ANF, and for Member States to consider provision of technical assistance and capacity building to assist other Member States to counter smuggling of oil and oil products, and modular refineries and related material, by ISIL, ANF and any other individual, group, undertaking or entity associated with Al-Qaida;
Cultural Heritage
“15. Condemns the destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq and Syria particularly
by ISIL and ANF, whether such destruction is incidental or deliberate,
including targeted destruction of religious sites and objects;
“16. Notes with concern that ISIL, ANF and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida, are generating income from engaging directly or indirectly in the looting and smuggling of cultural heritage items from archaeological sites, museums, libraries, archives, and other sites in Iraq and Syria, which is being used to support their recruitment efforts and strengthen their operational capability to organize and carry out terrorist attacks;
“17. Reaffirms its decision in paragraph 7 of resolution 1483 （2003） and
decides that all Member States shall take appropriate steps to prevent
the trade in Iraqi and Syrian cultural property and other items of archaeological,
historical, cultural, rare scientific, and religious importance illegally
removed from Iraq since 6 August 1990 and from Syria since 15 March 2011,
including by prohibiting cross-border trade in such items, thereby allowing
for their eventual safe return to the Iraqi and Syrian people and calls
upon the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization,
Interpol, and other international organizations, as appropriate, to assist
in the implementation of this paragraph;
Kidnapping for Ransom and External Donations
“18. Reaffirms its condemnation of incidents of kidnapping and hostage-taking committed by ISIL, ANF and all other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida for any purpose, including with the aim of raising funds or gaining political concessions and expresses its determination to prevent kidnapping and hostage-taking committed by terrorist groups and to secure the safe release of hostages without ransom payments or political concessions, in accordance with applicable international law;
“19. Reaffirms that the requirements of paragraph 1（a） of resolution 2161
（2014） apply to the payment of ransoms to individuals, groups, undertakings
or entities on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List, regardless of how or by whom
the ransom is paid, emphasizes that this obligation applies to ISIL and
ANF, and calls upon all Member States to encourage private sector partners
to adopt or to follow relevant guidelines and good practices for preventing
and responding to terrorist kidnappings without paying ransom;
“20. Reiterates its call upon all Member States to prevent terrorists from
benefiting directly or indirectly from ransom payments or from political
concessions and to secure the safe release of hostages, and reaffirms the
need for all Member States to cooperate closely during incidents of kidnapping
and hostage-taking committed by terrorist groups;
“21. Expresses its grave concern of reports that external donations continue to make their way to ISIL, ANF and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida, and recalls the importance of all Member States complying with their obligation to ensure that their nationals and persons within their territory do not make donations to individuals and entities designated by the Committee or those acting on behalf of or at the direction of designated entities;
“22. Stresses that donations from individuals and entities have played
a role in developing and sustaining ISIL and ANF, and that Member States
have an obligation to ensure that such support is not made available to
those terrorist groups and other individuals, groups, undertakings and
entities associated with Al-Qaida by their nationals and persons within
their territory, and urges Member States to address this directly through
enhanced vigilance of the international financial system and by working
with their non-profit and charitable organizations to ensure financial
flows through charitable giving are not diverted to ISIL, ANF or any other
individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida;
Banking
“23. Urges Member States to take steps to ensure that financial institutions within their territory prevent ISIL, ANF or other individuals, groups, undertakings or entities associated with Al-Qaida from accessing the international financial system;
Arms and related materiel
“24. Reaffirms its decision that States shall prevent the direct or indirect
supply, sale, or transfer to ISIL, ANF and all other individuals, groups,
undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida from their territories
or by their nationals outside their territories, or using their flag vessels
or aircraft, of arms and related materiel of all types including weapons
and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment,
and spare parts for the aforementioned, and technical advice, assistance
or training related to military activities, as well as its calls for States
to find ways of intensifying and accelerating the exchange of operational
information regarding traffic in arms, and to enhance coordination of efforts
on national, subregional, regional and international levels;
“25. Expresses concern at the proliferation of all arms and related materiel
of all types, in particular man-portable surface-to-air missiles, to ISIL,
ANF and all other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated
with Al-Qaida, and its potential impact on regional and international peace
and security and impeding efforts to combat terrorism in some cases;
“26. Reminds Member States of their obligation pursuant to paragraph 1 （c） of resolution 2161 （2014）, to prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer of arms and related materiel of all types to listed individuals and entities, including ISIL and ANF;
“27. Calls upon all States to consider appropriate measures to prevent
the transfer of all arms and related materiel of all types, in particular
man-portable surface-to-air missiles, if there is a reasonable suspicion
that such arms and related materiel would be obtained by ISIL, the ANF
or other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with
Al-Qaida;
Asset Freeze
“28. Reaffirms that the requirements in paragraph 1 （a） of Security Council resolution 2161 apply to financial and economic resources of every kind, including but not limited to those used for the provision of Internet hosting or related services, used for the support of Al-Qaida and other individuals, groups, undertakings or entities included on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List;
Reporting
“29. Calls upon Member States to report to the Committee within 120 days
on the measures they have taken to comply with the measures imposed in
this resolution;
“30. Requests the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team, in close cooperation with other United Nations counter-terrorism bodies to conduct an assessment of the impact of these new measures and to report to the Committee established pursuant to resolutions 1267 （1999） and 1989 （2011） within 150 days, and thereafter to incorporate reporting on the impact of these new measures into their reports to the Committee in order to track progress on implementation, identify unintended consequences and unexpected challenges, and to help facilitate further adjustments as required, and further requests the Committee established pursuant to resolutions 1267 （1999） and 1989 （2011） to update the Security Council on the implementation of this resolution as part of its regular oral reports to the Council on the state of the overall work of the Committee and the Monitoring Team;
“31. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.”
AFP, February 12, 2015、AP, February 12, 2015、ARA News, February 12, 2015、Champress, February 12, 2015、al-Hayat, February 13, 2015、Iraqi News, February 12, 2015、Kull-na Shuraka’, February 12, 2015、al-Mada Press, February 12, 2015、Naharnet, February 12, 2015、NNA, February 12, 2015、Reuters, February 12, 2015、SANA, February 12, 2015、UPI, February 12, 2015などをもとに作成。
（C）青山弘之 All rights reserved.
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