国連安保理はアレッポ市東部からの戦闘員と民間人退去を監視するための決議を採択するものの、ロシアの修正提案で「骨抜き」に（2016年12月19日）

国連安保理は、反体制武装集団（アレッポ・ファトフ軍作戦司令室、アレッポ軍）が籠城を続けているアレッポ市東部からの国際人道法に基づく「市民と戦闘員」の自発的退去と、国連および関連する機関によるその監視を定めた安保理決議第2328号を全回一致で採択した。

安保理決議第2328号全文は以下の通り:

“The Security Council,

“Recalling all its relevant resolutions, especially 2139 （2014）, 2165 （2014）, 2191 （2014）, 2258 （2015） and 2286 （2016）;

“Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic;

“Alarmed by the continued deterioration of the devastating humanitarian situation in Aleppo and by the fact that urgent humanitarian evacuations and assistance are now needed by a large number of Aleppo inhabitants;

“Recalling the need for all parties to respect the relevant provisions of international humanitarian law and the United Nations guiding principles of humanitarian emergency assistance;

“1. Takes note of the efforts to carry out evacuations of civilians and fighters from the districts of the city of Aleppo affected by the conflict;

“2. Stresses that these evacuations must be conducted in accordance with international humanitarian law and principles, and emphasizes that the evacuations of civilians must be voluntary and to final destinations of their choice, and protection must be provided to all civilians who choose or who have been forced to be evacuated and those who opt to remain in their homes;

“3. Requests the United Nations and other relevant institutions to carry out adequate, neutral monitoring and direct observation on evacuations from the eastern districts of Aleppo and other districts of the city, and to report as appropriate thereon, to ensure further deployment of staff for these purposes as needed and demands all parties to provide these monitors with safe, immediate and unimpeded access;

“4. Stresses the importance to ensure the voluntary, safe and dignified passage of all civilians from the eastern districts of Aleppo or other areas, under the monitoring of and coordination by the United Nations and other relevant institutions, to a destination of their choice; stresses that in such circumstances, priority should be given to the most seriously wounded people and the most vulnerable and calls on all the parties to cooperate with the United Nations in this regard;

“5. Demands that all parties allow complete, immediate, unconditional, safe and unhindered access for the United Nations and its implementing partners, in order to ensure that humanitarian assistance reaches people through the most direct route in order to meet basic needs, including the provision of medical care, consistent with the provisions of its resolution 2258 （2015） for the whole of Syria and respect and protect all civilians across Aleppo and throughout Syria; stresses that all parties must respect their obligations under international humanitarian law, and in particular, to respect and protect civilians and civilian objects;

“6 Calls on all parties to respect and protect all medical and humanitarian personnel, their means of transport and equipment, as well as hospitals and other medical facilities throughout the country, consistent with its resolution 2286 （2016）;

“7. Requests the Secretary-General to take urgent steps to make arrangements, including security arrangements in consultation with interested parties, to allow the observation by the United Nations and other relevant institutions of the well-being of civilians, as well as the full respect of international humanitarian law, inside the eastern districts of the city of Aleppo; notify the Security Council about these arrangements and to carry out the above mentioned activity immediately thereupon,

“8. Further requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the implementation of this resolution, including by the parties on the ground, within 5 days of adoption of this resolution;

“9. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.”

フランスが提出した安保理決議案は当初は、「中立的な監視団」の派遣をめざす米国など西側諸国の意向に沿って、国連が監視プロセスにかかる安全対策を確定すると定められていた。

だが、ロシアが、この文言を「（国連）事務総長は関係当時者との協議のうえ、安全対策などの態勢を構築するため緊急措置を講じることを求める」に修正し、監視団の構成や業務範囲などについて、シリア政府との協議を必要とするようを求め、米国とフランスがこれに応じたことで、採択の運びとなった。

『ハヤート』（12月20日付）によると、修正された決議案の採択によって、アレッポ市東部での監視活動は、シリア政府の同意があって初めて実施可能となり、「モスクワ・ダマスカス・テヘラン軍事同盟のアレッポ制圧を承認する外向成果」と改編されたという。

なお、決議には、事務総長に対し、5日以内に安保理への進捗報告を定めている。

AFP, December 19, 2016、AP, December 19, 2016、ARA News, December 19, 2016、Champress, December 19, 2016、al-Hayat, December 20, 2016、Iraqi News, December 19, 2016、Kull-na Shuraka’, December 19, 2016、al-Mada Press, December 19, 2016、Naharnet, December 19, 2016、NNA, December 19, 2016、Reuters, December 19, 2016、SANA, December 19, 2016、UPI, December 19, 2016などをもとに作成。

（C）青山弘之 All rights reserved.