国連安保理は、シリア紛争における停戦プロセスと政治移行プロセスの行程について定めたウィーン会議でのISSG（国際シリア支援グループ）の二つの合意（10月30日、11月14日）を追認する決議（2254号）を全会一致で採択した。
安保理決議第2254号は、2012年6月30日のジュネーブ合意に基づき、シリア人主導のシリア人による政治移行プロセスを支持し、国連事務総長に対して、ウィーンでのISSGの合意に従い、2016年1月初めを目処にシリア政府と反体制派の交渉を開始させるよう求めている。
また、政治移行プロセスに関しては、交渉開始後6ヶ月を目処に「信頼できる包括的・非宗派的な（移行）政府」を樹立し、新憲法制定の日程と行程を確定し、その後18ヶ月を目処に、新憲法制定の自由で公正な選挙の実施、新憲法制定を実現することへの支持を表明している。
一方、シリア国内での停戦プロセスについては、政治プロセス（移行プロセス）と並行させることを承認し、加盟国、とりわけISSG諸国にその実現に向けた努力を増大させるよう求めている。
また、国連事務総長に対して、決議採択後1ヶ月以内に停戦監視のしくみに関して安保理に報告することを定めている。
そのうえで、ダーイシュ（イスラーム国）、シャームの民のヌスラ戦線、アル=カーイダあるいはダーイシュとつながりのあるその他すべての個人・組織、そして安保理やISSGが指定・合意するそのほかのテロ組織のテロ活動を抑止するようすべての加盟国に求めている。
**
国連安保理決議2245号採択後、ジョン・ケリー米国務長官、ロシアのセルゲイ・ラブロフ外務大臣、スタファン・デミストゥラ・シリア問題担当国連アラブ連盟共同特別代表は共同記者会見を開いた。
会見でケリー国務長官は、アサド大統領の進退に関して「国際社会のみなが必ずしも合意に達していないが、ISSGの大多数は、彼がシリアを統合するだけの力も信頼も失ったと見ている」と述べた。
これに対して、ラブロフ外務大臣は「シリア国民だけが、ジュネーブとウィーンでの諸合意を承認した国連安保理決議に従って自らの未来を決することができる。これは、外国が解決策を押しつけようとしてきたことへの明確な答えだ」と述べた。
また、一部の外国諸国がシリアにおける体制転換を要求していることに関しては、「イラク、リビア、イエメンの教訓から学ばせねばならない…。外国が決定を押しつけるいかなる試みも回避されねばならない…。アサドが去らなければ解決策はないという者は近視眼的であり、まずダーイシュ（イスラーム国）が根絶される必要がある」と強調した。
さらに、シリアの反体制派を「テロ組織」と「合法的な反体制派」に峻別することについては、ダーイシュとシャームの民のヌスラ戦線をテロ組織とみなすことにコンセンサスはあると述べるとともに、「ダマスカスのロシア大使館を標的とした者、シリアの首都を砲撃する者、そして似たようなことを行う者」もテロ組織とみなす必要があると付言した。
**
国連安保理決議第2254号全文は以下の通り:
“The Security Council,
“Recalling its
resolutions 2042 （2012）, 2043 （2012）, 2118 （2013）, 2139 （2014）, 2165 （2014）,
2170 （2014）, 2175 （2014）, 2178 （2014）, 2191 （2014）, 2199 （2015）, 2235 （2015）,
and 2249 （2015） and Presidential Statements of 3 August 2011 （S/PRST/2011/16）, 21 March 2012 （S/PRST/2012/6）, 5 April 2012 （S/PRST/2012/10）, 2 October 2013 （S/PRST/2013/15）, 24 April 2015 （S/PRST/2015/10） and 17 August 2015 （S/PRST/2015/15）,
“Reaffirming its strong
commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of
the Syrian Arab Republic, and to the purposes and principles of the Charter of
the United Nations,
“Expressing its gravest
concern at the continued suffering of the Syrian people, the dire and
deteriorating humanitarian situation, the ongoing conflict and its persistent
and brutal violence, the negative impact of terrorism and violent extremist
ideology in support of terrorism, the destabilizing effect of the crisis on the
region and beyond, including the resulting increase in terrorists drawn to the
fighting in Syria, the physical destruction in the country, and increasing
sectarianism, and underscoring that the situation will continue to
deteriorate in the absence of a political solution,
“Recalling its demand
that all parties take all appropriate steps to protect civilians, including
members of ethnic, religious and confessional communities, and stresses
that, in this regard, the primary responsibility to protect its population lies
with the Syrian authorities,
“Reiterating that the
only sustainable solution to the current crisis in Syria is through an
inclusive and Syrian-led political process that meets the legitimate
aspirations of the Syrian people, with a view to full implementation of the
Geneva Communiqué of 30 June 2012 as endorsed by resolution 2118 （2013）,
including through the establishment of an inclusive transitional governing body
with full executive powers, which shall be formed on the basis of mutual
consent while ensuring continuity of governmental institutions,
“Encouraging, in this
regard, the diplomatic efforts of the International Syria Support Group （ISSG）
to help bring an end to the conflict in Syria,
“Commending the
commitment of the ISSG, as set forth in the Joint Statement on the outcome of
the multilateral talks on Syria in Vienna of 30 October 2015 and the Statement
of the ISSG of 14 November 2015 （hereinafter the “Vienna Statements”）, to
ensure a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political transition based on the Geneva Communiqué
in its entirety, and emphasizing the urgency for all parties in Syria to work
diligently and constructively towards this goal,
“Urging all parties to
the UN-facilitated political process to adhere to the principles identified by
the ISSG, including commitments to Syria’s unity, independence, territorial
integrity, and non-sectarian character, to ensuring continuity of governmental
institutions, to protecting the rights of all Syrians, regardless of ethnicity
or religious denomination, and to ensuring humanitarian access throughout the
country,
“Encouraging the
meaningful participation of women in the UN-facilitated political process for
Syria,
“Bearing in mind the
goal to bring together the broadest possible spectrum of the opposition, chosen
by Syrians, who will decide their negotiation representatives and define their
negotiation positions so as to enable the political process to begin, taking note
of the meetings in Moscow and Cairo and other initiatives to this end, and noting
in particular the usefulness of the meeting in Riyadh on 9-11 December 2015,
whose outcomes contribute to the preparation of negotiations under
UN auspices on a political settlement of the conflict, in accordance with
the Geneva Communique and the “Vienna Statements”, and looking forward
to the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Syria finalizing efforts to this
end,
“1. Reconfirms
its endorsement of the Geneva Communiqué of 30 June 2012, endorses
the “Vienna Statements” in pursuit of the full implementation of the Geneva Communiqué,
as the basis for a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political transition in order to
end the conflict in Syria, and stresses that the Syrian people
will decide the future of Syria;
“2. Requests
the Secretary-General, through his good offices and the efforts of his Special
Envoy for Syria, to convene representatives of the Syrian government and the
opposition to engage in formal negotiations on a political transition process
on an urgent basis, with a target of early January 2016 for the initiation of
talks, pursuant to the Geneva Communiqué, consistent with the 14 November 2015
ISSG Statement, with a view to a lasting political settlement of the crisis;
“3. Acknowledges
the role of the ISSG as the central platform to facilitate the United Nations’
efforts to achieve a lasting political settlement in Syria;
“4. Expresses
its
support, in this regard, for a Syrian-led political process that is
facilitated by the United Nations and, within a target of six months,
establishes credible, inclusive and non-sectarian governance and sets a
schedule and process for drafting a new constitution, and further
expresses its support for free and fair elections, pursuant to the
new constitution, to be held within 18 months and administered under
supervision of the United Nations, to the satisfaction of the governance and to
the highest international standards of transparency and accountability, with
all Syrians, including members of the diaspora, eligible to participate, as set
forth in the 14 November 2015 ISSG Statement;
“5. Acknowledges
the close linkage between a ceasefire and a parallel political process,
pursuant to the 2012 Geneva Communiqué, and that both initiatives should move
ahead expeditiously, and in this regard expresses its support for a
nationwide ceasefire in Syria, which the ISSG has committed to support and
assist in implementing, to come into effect as soon as the representatives of
the Syrian government and the opposition have begun initial steps towards a
political transition under UN auspices, on the basis of the Geneva Communiqué,
as set forth in the 14 November 2015 ISSG Statement, and to do so on an urgent
basis;
“6. Requests
the Secretary-General to lead the effort, through the office of his Special
Envoy and in consultation with relevant parties, to determine the modalities
and requirements of a ceasefire as well as continue planning for the support of
ceasefire implementation, and urges Member States, in particular
members of the ISSG, to support and accelerate all efforts to achieve a ceasefire,
including through pressing all relevant parties to agree and adhere to such a
ceasefire;
“7. Emphasizes
the need for a ceasefire monitoring, verification and reporting mechanism, requests
the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on options for such a
mechanism that it can support, as soon as possible and no later than one month
after the adoption of this resolution, and encourages Member States, including
members of the Security Council, to provide assistance, including through expertise
and in-kind contributions, to support such a mechanism;
“8. Reiterates
its call in resolution 2249 （2015） for Member States to prevent and suppress
terrorist acts committed specifically by Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant
（ISIL, also known as Da’esh）, Al-Nusra Front （ANF）, and all other individuals,
groups, undertakings, and entities associated with Al Qaeda or ISIL, and other
terrorist groups, as designated by the Security Council, and as may further be
agreed by the ISSG and determined by the Security Council, pursuant to the
Statement of the ISSG of 14 November 2015, and to eradicate the safe haven they
have established over significant parts of Syria, and notes
that the aforementioned ceasefire will not apply to offensive or defensive actions
against these individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, as set forth in
the 14 November 2015 ISSG Statement;
“9. Welcomes
the effort that was conducted by the government of Jordan to help develop a
common understanding within the ISSG of individuals and groups for possible
determination as terrorists and will consider expeditiously the recommendation
of the ISSG for the purpose of determining terrorist groups;
“10. Emphasizes the need for
all parties in Syria to take confidence building measures to contribute to the
viability of a political process and a lasting ceasefire, and calls on
all states to use their influence with the government of Syria and the Syrian
opposition to advance the peace process, confidence building measures and steps
towards a ceasefire;
“11. Requests the
Secretary-General to report to the Council, as soon as possible and no later
than one month after the adoption of this resolution, on options for further
confidence building measures;
“12. Calls on the parties to
immediately allow humanitarian agencies rapid, safe and unhindered access
throughout Syria by most direct routes, allow immediate, humanitarian
assistance to reach all people in need, in particular in all besieged and
hard-to-reach areas, release any arbitrarily detained persons, particularly
women and children, calls on ISSG states to use their influence immediately
to these ends, and demands the full implementation of resolutions 2139
（2014）, 2165 （2014）, 2191 （2014） and any other applicable resolutions;
“13. Demands that all
parties immediately cease any attacks against civilians and civilian objects as
such, including attacks against medical facilities and personnel, and any
indiscriminate use of weapons, including through shelling and aerial
bombardment, welcomes the commitment by the ISSG to press the parties
in this regard, and further demands that all parties immediately comply with
their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian
law and international human rights law as applicable;
“14. Underscores the
critical need to build conditions for the safe and voluntary return of refugees
and internally displaced persons to their home areas and the rehabilitation of
affected areas, in accordance with international law, including applicable
provisions of the Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees,
and taking into account the interests of those countries hosting refugees, urges
Member States to provide assistance in this regard, looks forward to the
London Conference on Syria in February 2016, hosted by the United Kingdom,
Germany, Kuwait, Norway and the United Nations, as an important contribution to
this endeavour, and further expresses its support to the post-conflict
reconstruction and rehabilitation of Syria;
“15. Requests that the
Secretary-General report back to the Security Council on the implementation of
this resolution, including on progress of the UN-facilitated political process,
within 60 days;
“16. Decides to remain
actively seized of the matter.”
AFP, December 19, 2015、AP, December 19, 2015、ARA News, December 19, 2015、Champress, December 19, 2015、al-Hayat, December 20, 2015、Iraqi News, December 19, 2015、Kull-na Shuraka’, December 19, 2015、al-Mada Press, December 19, 2015、Naharnet, December 19, 2015、NNA, December 19, 2015、Reuters, December 19, 2015、SANA, December 19, 2015、UPI, December 19, 2015などをもとに作成。
（C）青山弘之 All rights reserved.
