国連安保理で、シリア政府および反体制武装集団に対して、暴力停止と人道支援の受け入れを求める決議案（安保理決議第2139号）が全会一致で採択された。

 

安保理決議第2139号の骨子は以下の通り:

• シリア当局および武装集団による国際人道法違反を強く非難。
• すべての当事者にあらゆる形態の暴力の即時停止を要求。
• すべての当事者に、「樽爆弾」などを含む、民間人へのあらゆる攻撃の即時停止を要求。
• すべての当事者、とりわけシリア政府に、2013年10月2日の国連安保理議長声明（S/PRST/2013/5）を遵守するよう要求。
• すべての当事者に、ヒムス市旧市街、ヌッブル市（アレッポ県）、ザフラー町（アレッポ県）、ムウダミーヤト・シャーム市（ダマスカス郊外県）、ヤルムーク区（ダマスカス県）、東グータ地方（ダマスカス郊外県）、ダーライヤー市（ダマスカス郊外県）などに対する包囲解除と人道支援受け入れを要求。
• すべての当事者、とりわけシリア政府に、戦線、国境経由での、国連人道支援機関などによる人道支援の搬入を早急に認めるよう要求。
• アル=カーイダとつながりがある組織・個人によるテロ攻撃を非難し、すべての当事者にこうした組織・個人によるテロ活動を停止させるよう要求。
• すべての当事者に、ジュネーブ合意の即時・包括的実施に向けて行動するよう求めるとともに、ジュネーブ2会議に歓迎の意を表明。
• シリア政府が第一に、国連の人道活動の安全確保に責任を有する
• 国連事務総長に対し、決議採択後に毎月、決議の履行状況を安保理に報告するよう要請し、不履行の場合、さらなる措置をとる意思を表明。

国連安保理決議2139号は、オーストラリア、ルクセンブルク、ヨルダンが準備、当初案では、人道支援受け入れを妨害した個人・組織に、「国連憲章第7章第41条に基づく措置を科す意思」を明記していたが、採択された決議ではこの文言は「さらなる措置」という弱い表現に改められた。

**

国連安保理決議2139号の全文は以下の通り:

The Security Council

Recalling its resolutions 2042 （2012）, 2043 （2012） and 2118 （2013）, and its Presidential Statements of 3 August 2011, 21 March 2012, 5 April 2012 and 2 October 2013,

Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of Syria, and to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,

Being appalled at the unacceptable and escalating level of violence and the death of well over 100,000 people in Syria, including over 10,000 children, as reported by the UN Secretary-General and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict,

Expressing grave alarm at the significant and rapid deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Syria, in particular the dire situation of hundreds of thousands of civilians trapped in besieged areas, most of whom are besieged by the Syrian armed forces and some by opposition groups, as well as the dire situation of over 3 million people in hard-to-reach areas, and deploring the difficulties in providing, and the failure to provide, access for the humanitarian assistance to all civilians in need inside Syria,

Emphasizing the need to respect the UN guiding principles of humanitarian emergency assistance and stressing the importance of such assistance being delivered on the basis of need, devoid of any political prejudices and aims, commending the efforts of the United Nations and all humanitarian and medical personnel in Syria and in neighbouring countries, and condemning all acts or threats of violence against United Nations staff and humanitarian actors, which have resulted in the death, injury and detention of many humanitarian personnel,

Expressing grave concern at the increasing number of refugees and internally displaced persons caused by the conflict in Syria, which has a destabilising impact on the entire region, and underscoring its appreciation for the significant and admirable efforts that have been made by the countries of the region, notably Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Iraq and Egypt, to accommodate the more than 2.4 million refugees who have fled Syria as a result of the on-going violence, while acknowledging the enormous political, socioeconomic and financial impact of the presence of large-scale populations in these countries, and underscoring the need for all parties to respect and maintain the security and civilian character of camps for refugees and internally displaced persons,

Welcoming the pledges totalling $2.5 billion at the Second International Humanitarian Pledging Conference for Syria, hosted by Kuwait on 15 January 2014, and expressing its appreciation to Member States and regional and sub-regional organizations that have pledged to provide humanitarian assistance to people in need in all parts of Syria, including internally displaced persons, as well as to refugees in neighbouring host countries, and calling on all Member States to ensure the timely disbursement of pledges and continued support in line with growing humanitarian needs,

Calling on all parties to immediately end all violence which has led to human suffering in Syria, save Syria’s rich societal mosaic and cultural heritage, and take appropriate steps to ensure the protection of Syria’s World Heritage Sites,

Strongly condemning the increased terrorist attacks resulting in numerous casualties and destruction carried out by organizations and individuals associated with Al-Qaeda, its affiliates and other terrorist groups, and reiterating its call on all parties to commit to putting an end to terrorist acts perpetrated by such organizations and individuals, while reaffirming that terrorism in all its forms and manifestations constitutes one of the most serious threats to international peace and security, and that any acts of terrorism are criminal and unjustifiable, regardless of their motivation, wherever, whenever and by whomsoever committed,

Expressing its regret that its Presidential Statement of 2 October 2013 （S/PRST/2013/15） has not delivered as expected and has not yet translated into meaningful progress on the ground, and that humanitarian aid delivery continues to be impeded throughout Syria, while condemning all cases of denial of humanitarian access and recalling that arbitrary denial of humanitarian access and depriving civilians of objects indispensable to their survival, including wilfully impeding relief supply and access, can constitute a violation of international humanitarian law,

Emphasizing that the humanitarian situation will continue to deteriorate in the absence of a political solution to the crisis, reiterating its endorsement of the Geneva Communiqué of 30 June 2012 （Annex II of Resolution 2118 （2113）） and demanding that all parties work towards the immediate and comprehensive implementation of the Geneva Communiqué aimed at bringing an immediate end to all violence, violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international law, and facilitating the Syrian-led political process launched in Montreux on 22 January 2014, leading to a transition that meets the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people and enables them independently and democratically to determine their own future,

1. Strongly condemns the widespread violations of human rights and international humanitarian law by the Syrian authorities, as well as the human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law by armed groups, including all forms of sexual and gender-based violence, as well as all grave violations and abuses committed against children in contravention of applicable international law, such as recruitment and use, killing and maiming, rape, attacks on schools and hospitals as well as arbitrary arrest, detention, torture, ill treatment and use as human shields, as described in the United Nations Secretary-General’s report on children and armed conflict in Syria （S/2014/31）;

2. Demands that all parties immediately put an end to all forms of violence, irrespective of where it comes from, cease and desist from all violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights, and reaffirm their obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and stresses that some of these violations may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity;

3. Demands that all parties immediately cease all attacks against civilians, as well as the indiscriminate employment of weapons in populated areas, including shelling and aerial bombardment, such as the use of barrel bombs, and methods of warfare which are of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering, and recalls in this regard the obligation to respect and ensure respect for international humanitarian law in all circumstances, and further recalls, in particular, the obligation to distinguish between civilian populations and combatants, and the prohibition against indiscriminate attacks, and attacks against civilians and civilian objects as such;

4. Demands that all parties, in particular the Syrian authorities, fully implement the provisions of the 2 October 2013 Statement by the President of the Security Council （S/PRST/2013/15） including through facilitating the expansion of humanitarian relief operations, in accordance with applicable provisions of international humanitarian law and the UN guiding principles of humanitarian emergency assistance;

5. Calls upon all parties to immediately lift the sieges of populated areas, including in the Old City of Homs （Homs）, Nubl and Zahra （Aleppo）, Madamiyet Elsham （Rural Damascus）, Yarmouk （Damascus）, Eastern Ghouta （Rural Damascus）, Darayya （Rural Damascus） and other locations, and demands that all parties allow the delivery of humanitarian assistance, including medical assistance, cease depriving civilians of food and medicine indispensable to their survival, and enable the rapid, safe and unhindered evacuation of all civilians who wish to leave, and underscores the need for the parties to agree on humanitarian pauses, days of tranquillity, localised cease-fires and truces to allow humanitarian agencies safe and unhindered access to all affected areas in Syria, recalling that starvation of civilians as a method of combat is prohibited by international humanitarian law;

6. Demands that all parties, in particular the Syrian authorities, promptly allow rapid, safe and unhindered humanitarian access for UN humanitarian agencies and their implementing partners, including across conflict lines and across borders, in order to ensure that humanitarian assistance reaches people in need through the most direct routes;

7. Urges all parties, in particular the Syrian authorities, to take all appropriate steps to facilitate the efforts of the United Nations, its specialized agencies, and all humanitarian actors engaged in humanitarian relief activities, to provide immediate humanitarian assistance to the affected people in Syria, including by promptly facilitating safe and unhindered humanitarian access to populations in need of assistance in all areas under their control, and encourages further cooperation between the United Nations, its specialized agencies and all parties concerned, including Syrian civil society organisations, to facilitate access and the delivery of assistance in the entirety of the Syrian territory;

8. Demands that all parties respect the principle of medical neutrality and facilitate free passage to all areas for medical personnel, equipment, transport and supplies, including surgical items, and recalls that under international humanitarian law, the wounded and sick must receive, to the fullest extent practicable, and with the least possible delay, medical care and attention required by their condition and that medical and humanitarian personnel, facilities and transport must be respected and protected, and expresses grave concern in this regard at the removal of medical supplies from humanitarian shipments;

9. Also demands that all parties take all appropriate steps to protect civilians, including members of ethnic, religious and confessional communities, and stresses that, in this regard, the primary responsibility to protect its population lies with the Syrian authorities;

10. Further demands that all parties demilitarize medical facilities, schools and other civilian facilities and avoid establishing military positions in populated areas and desist from attacks directed against civilian objects;

11. Strongly condemns the arbitrary detention and torture of civilians in Syria, notably in prisons and detention facilities, as well as the kidnappings, abductions and forced disappearances, and demands the immediate end of these practices and the release of all arbitrarily detained persons starting with women and children, as well as sick, wounded and elderly people and including UN personnel and journalists;

12. Urges all parties to take all appropriate steps to ensure the safety and security of United Nations personnel, those of its specialized agencies, and all other personnel engaged in humanitarian relief activities, without prejudice to their freedom of movement and access, stresses that the primary responsibility in this regard lies with the Syrian authorities and further stresses the need not to impede these efforts;

13. Stresses the need to end impunity for violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights, and reaffirms that those who have committed or are otherwise responsible for such violations and abuses in Syria must be brought to justice;

14. Strongly condemns the increased terrorist attacks resulting in numerous casualties and destruction carried out by organisations and individuals associated with Al-Qaeda, its affiliates and other terrorist groups, urges the opposition groups to maintain their rejection of these organizations and individuals which are responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law in opposition-held areas, calls upon the Syrian authorities and opposition groups to commit to combating and defeating organizations and individuals associated with Al-Qaeda, its affiliates and other terrorist groups, demands that all foreign fighters immediately withdraw from Syria, and reaffirms that terrorism in all its forms and manifestations constitutes one of the most serious threats to international peace and security, and that any acts of terrorism are criminal and unjustifiable, regardless of their motivation, wherever, whenever and by whomsoever committed;

15. Emphasizes that the humanitarian situation will continue to deteriorate in the absence of a political solution, welcomes in this regard the Geneva Conference on Syria launched in Montreux on 22 January 2014, and demands that all parties work towards the comprehensive implementation of the Geneva Communiqué of 30 June 2012 leading to a genuine political transition that meets the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people and enables them independently and democratically to determine their own future, and further stresses that rapid progress on a political solution should include full participation by all groups and segments of Syrian society, including women, and represents the only sustainable opportunity to resolve the situation in Syria peacefully, and that the implementation of this resolution is key to meeting the humanitarian needs of the Syrian people;

16. Urges all Member States to contribute or increase their support to the United Nations’ humanitarian appeals to meet the spiralling needs of people affected by the crisis, and to provide this support in coordination with the relevant United Nations agencies, and to ensure that all pledges are honoured in full, and further urges all Member States, based on burden sharing principles, to support the neighbouring host countries to enable them to respond to the growing humanitarian needs, including by providing direct support;

17. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council on the implementation of this resolution by all parties in Syria, in particular paragraphs 2 through 12, in 30 days of its adoption and every 30 days thereafter, and upon receipt of the Secretary-General’s report, expresses its intent to take further steps in the case of non-compliance with this resolution;

18. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

**

サマンサ・パワー米国連代表大使は、シリアの惨状に関して「関係当事者による行為の結果」としたうえで、「アサド、そしてシャームの民のヌスラ戦線、イラク・シャーム・イスラーム国（ダーイシュ）」を名指しで非難した。

そのうえで、国連安保理決議2139号の意義が「いかなる当事者が決議を履行しない場合においても行動」を行うことを定めた点にあると強調した。

ロシアのヴィタリー・チュルキン国連大使は「体制転換をめざす試みが頓挫したことを受け、安保理で人道的な決議を採択する動きが出た…。決議の基本目標は人道支援を促すことにある」と述べる一方、反体制武装集団が「民間人を標的とし、彼らを人間の盾として利用し、体系的違反を犯し、ヌッブルやザフラーといった居住地域を包囲している」と非難した。

決議提案国の一つであるヨルダンのザイド・ブン・ラアド国連大使は、「シリアの当事者たちが、決議を即時完全履行することが重要」としたうえで、とくにシリア政府に対して国境経由での児童支援の受け入れを認めるよう呼びかけた。

シリアのバッシャール・ジャアファリー国連代表大使は「我が国は人道支援に関する2013年10月の議長声明を遵守している」としつつ、「安保理決議（第2139号）は、周辺諸国との国境を経由した支援受け入れをシリア政府に許すものではない」と述べ、いわゆる「人道回廊」構想を改めて拒否した。

潘基文事務総長は「決議の迅速な実施が…民間人の被害を減らすことになるだろう」と述べる一方、「シリア政府とその民兵に、殺戮、樽爆弾使用…、拷問といった多くの行為の責任がある…。反体制集団も子供の処刑、徴兵を行い、民間人へのテロを戦略としている」と非難した。

**

ジョン・ケリー米国務長官は、国連安保理決議2139号採択に関して、「長らく待ち望んでいた決議が完全に実施されれば、シリアの市民への人道支援が保障されるだろう」と歓迎の意を示した。

**

ドイツのフランク=ヴァルター・シュタインマイヤー外務大臣は、国連安保理決議2139号採択に関して「遅きに失する」との評価を下した。

AFP, February 22, 2014、AP, February 22, 2014、Champress, February 22, 2014、al-Hayat, February 23, 2014、Iraqinews.com, February 22, 2014、Kull-na Shuraka’, February 22, 2014、Naharnet, February 22, 2014、NNA, February 22, 2014、Reuters, February 22, 2014、Rihab News, February 22, 2014、SANA, February 22, 2014、UPI, February 22, 2014などをもとに作成。

（C）青山弘之 All rights reserved.